Enhancing CPython core with AST for Runtime Optimizations Using MyPy Pt. 1
Briefly

The presentation mentions profiling the slowest parts of the program using concepts like Adaptive Interpreter, Partial Evaluation, GC cycling, Memory management amongst others.
Mark Shannon stated in the EuroPyCon talk that statistical analysis, currently used by Python, is no worse than type hints, suggesting little need for further work in that direction.
The python script is parsed into an AST/Abstract Syntax Tree, which is then compiled into bytecode, translating these ASTs into instruction sets for interpreters to understand.
Read at Medium
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